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South Africans in Germany

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Income Tax / Lohnsteuer

We receive a lot of questions about income tax declarations and where to get help, especially getting help in English.
First I have to state that we are not tax consultants and by German law are not allowed to give any tax advice. You can read more about it here, the article is German but can be easily translated.
Basically your immediate family can assist you with your taxes, see the article, but if there is no family relationship you are not allowed to assist someone. You are not allowed to help with your friend’s tax return. This also includes a partner if you are not engaged or married.
See more from Steuertipps,

Some of the options available to you are:

  • Get a Tax advisor. In Germany they are called der Steuerberater
  • Get help from a Lohnsteuerhilfeverein (  A wage tax aid association is a self-help institution run by employees for employees to provide assistance in wage tax matters and in special income tax assessment cases (Section 13 StBerG). They were created in 1964 at the instigation of the trade unions. The aim of the legislature is to ensure that employees can receive tax advice at reasonable costs regardless of their income.) To find one in your area you can search online or on this website. You can specify your language as well e.g Englisch or English
  • Do it yourself. You might want to consider using software or apps. The tax rules in Germany are extremely complicated especially when both partners are working and you have kids.
    These rules also changes yearly so make sure that if you use software, it is up to date

Where to get more information:

Some basic information

The German Tax year runs from January to December and you can submit your tax return between 1 January and 31 July the following year.
Lohnsteuer and Einkommensteuer – They differ by the method of collection. Lohnsteuer is collected at source and paid directly to the Finanzamt (tax office) by the employer while the individual must pay Einkommensteuer himself.
There are 6 German Income Tax Classes “Lohnsteuerklasse”. You can find the list here.
South Africa uses a Residence base tax system and Germany a Source base system.
To get a basic idea of your taxes you can use a Wage tax calculator from SteuerGo
ELSTER (Elektronische Steuererklärung) – For online tax submissions. You need to register for a free account. The application is currently only in German

How and where do I register for Tax

As an employee, you will receive your tax ID (Steueridentifikationsnummer), Format: 12 345 678 901, when you register at the Bürgerampt and Auländerbehorde.  This is like an Identity number and you will keep it for life. Children born in Germany receive their tax ID at birth.

As a freelancer or company, you must register for a tax number (Steuernummer), Format: 12/345/67890 or 3012034567890, that you use on your Invoices.
This number is related to your place of residence and if you move to a new town you will need to apply for a new number. Application is done at the Finanzamt.

You also apply for a VAT number (Umsatzsteuer-Id), Format: DE123456789,  at the Finanzamt.

How to Berlin has an excellent article about registering for tax

Double Taxation Treaty between South Africa and Germany

Can double taxation occur? 

The following is quoted from the SARS Website and was valid at the time of publishing- “Yes, if an individual earns employment income in excess of R1.25 million and the double tax agreement between South Africa and the foreign country, if any, does not provide a sole taxing right to one country, both countries will have a right to tax the income. The portion of the income in excess of R1.25 million may end up being double taxed.    

Generally, under the provisions of the relevant double tax agreement, if an employee renders services in a foreign country exceeding 183 days, both countries enjoy the right to tax the income. The country of source enjoys the first right to tax the employment income and the country of residence, in our case South Africa, will provide double tax relief in the form of a foreign tax credit to the extent that tax was paid in both countries, subject to limitations.” –  More information on the SARS Website

Relief from double tax? 

Keep in mind that depending on your situation, if you are over the R1.25 million threshold, you still can claim tax credits for the taxes paid in Germany. The best thing to do is to speak to your tax consultant.

The following was quoted from the SARS website and was valid at the time of publishing. “Section 6quat is the mechanism under South Africa’s domestic law to claim relief from double tax where the amount received for services rendered outside South Africa is subject to tax in South Africa and in the foreign country. This credit may be claimed on assessment through an individual’s income tax return, provided certain requirements are met.  

An employer may at his or her discretion, under paragraph 10 of the Fourth Schedule, apply for a directive from SARS to take into account the potential section 6quat credit on a monthly basis to determine the employees’ tax liability. This will have to be done through a dedicated channel at SARS that will be made available to the public. 

See the information on Directives under paragraph 10 of the Fourth Schedule.    

Foreign income

How is foreign income taxed in Germany?
Here are some websites to read up on:

Resources on the web

Finding a tax advisor

The following organisations were suggested by members of our FB group, we are not affiliated with any of these organisations.

Bayern

  • Lohi Lohnsteuerhilfe Bayern e.V.
  • ISAR E.V. Lohnsteuerhilfeverein
  • KSW Legal

English speaking tax advisors

Apps and software

 

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